Overall estimated participant mean age and proportion female were 14.6 years and 47%, respectively. 25 observational studies published between January 1st 20 were reviewed (ten were cohort studies, 15 were cross-sectional). A systematic review of literature was carried out on Medline, Embase and PsycINFO for studies published prior to July 15th 2019, PROSPERO ID: CRD42019146750. To review the empirical evidence on associations between use of MP/WD and mental health in children and adolescents. Understanding whether these technologies affect children and adolescents’ mental health in positive or detrimental ways has become more urgent following further increase in use since the COVID-19 outbreak. ![]() ![]() Growing use of mobiles phones (MP) and other wireless devices (WD) has raised concerns about their possible effects on children and adolescents’ wellbeing. Time spent alone was found to attenuate some associations, and further research should explore this. We found associations between increased screen time, particularly computer use, and a small increased risk of anxiety and depression. There was little evidence for associations with texting or watching television. Adjusting for time spent alone attenuated effects for anxiety but not depression. Greater time spent using a computer on weekend days only was associated with a small increased risk in depression (OR for 1-2 h = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.93 to 1.35 OR for 3+ hours = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.65, p for linear trend = 0.003). We found a similar association between computer use at weekends and anxiety (OR for 1-2 h = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.46 OR for 3+ hours = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.48, p for linear trend = 0.03). More time spent using a computer on weekdays was associated with a small increased risk of anxiety (OR for 1-2 h = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.35 OR for 3+ hours = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.55, both compared to < 1 h, p for linear trend = 0.003). Using ordinal logistic regression, we adjusted for multiple confounders, particularly focussing on activities that might have been replaced by screen time (for example exercising or playing outdoors). We assessed associations between various types of screen time (watching television, using a computer, and texting, all measured via questionnaire at 16y), both on weekdays and at weekends, and anxiety and depression (measured via the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule at 18y). Participants (n = 14,665 complete cases n = 1869) were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK-based prospective cohort study. We examined associations between screen time measured at 16 years and anxiety and depression at 18. doi:10.1001/ is limited and conflicting evidence for associations between use of screen-based technology and anxiety and depression in young people. Association between portable screen-based media device access or use and sleep outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. doi:10.5993/AJHB.42.1.13Ĭarter B, Rees P, Hale L, Bhattacharjee D, Paradkar MS. Media devices in parents’ and children’s bedrooms and children’s media use. Protective effects of parental monitoring of children's media use: A prospective study. Gentile DA, Reimer RA, Nathanson AI, Walsh DA, Eisenmann JC. ![]() Screen Time Guidelines for Babies and Toddlers. ![]() Learning at Home: Families’ Educational Media Use in America. Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Screen Time and Children.Ĭhildren's Hospital of Philadelphia. doi:10.1542/peds.2019-3518Īmerican Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Young children’s use of smartphones and tablets. Media and children communication toolkit.
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